Study Infographic

JLPT N3 Grammar

A clean, printable, pure-HTML reference sheet for commonly studied JLPT N3 grammar. Since there is no single official public N3 grammar master list, this page organizes the most widely taught N3 patterns into clear categories with quick meanings and compact structures.

95Grammar points
10Study categories
N3Lower-intermediate focus
HTMLNo JavaScript used

1. Time & Sequence

Use these when describing when something starts, changes, continues, or happens in order.

while / before change happens

Pattern: Vる / Vない + うちに

Memo: Do something while the condition remains.

while / during

Pattern: Vている / Nの + 間に・間

Memo: 間に = something happens during; 間 = state continues.

just did

Pattern: Vた + ところ

Memo: A completed action right now.

in the middle of doing

Pattern: Vている + ところ

Memo: Action is happening now.

was just about to / had just

Pattern: Vる / Vた + ところだった

Memo: Depends on tense and context.

just did / only

Pattern: Vた + ばかり

Memo: Recently completed action.

just because

Pattern: Vた + ばかりに

Memo: Often regret or bad result.

not until after

Pattern: Vてからでないと

Memo: One action must happen first.

in the middle of

Pattern: Vている / Nの + 最中

Memo: Stronger than ところ.

the moment

Pattern: Vた + とたん

Memo: Something happens immediately after.

2. Reason & Cause

These forms explain causes, motivations, natural consequences, and emotional reasons.

for / because of

Pattern: Vる / Nの / Naな + ために

Memo: Purpose or formal cause.

thanks to

Pattern: N / 普通形 + おかげで

Memo: Positive result.

because of

Pattern: N / 普通形 + せいで

Memo: Usually negative result.

perhaps because

Pattern: 普通形 + せいか

Memo: Speaker is not fully sure.

so much that

Pattern: Nの / Vる + あまり

Memo: Excess leads to result.

too / excessively

Pattern: あまりに + Adj / V

Memo: Emphasizes extreme degree.

from the fact that

Pattern: 普通形 + ことから

Memo: Basis for judgment.

as a result of

Pattern: Vた / Nの + 結果

Memo: Neutral/formal outcome.

trigger / opportunity

Pattern: Vる / Vた / Nがきっかけで

Memo: Starting point of change.

3. Contrast, Addition & Comparison

Useful for saying “not only A but also B,” “rather than,” or comparing two sides.

not only... but also

Pattern: N / 普通形 + ばかりでなく

Memo: Formal addition.

not only... but also

Pattern: N / 普通形 + だけでなく

Memo: Common and flexible.

not only... but also

Pattern: N / 普通形 + のみならず

Memo: More formal style.

in contrast to / toward

Pattern: N + に対して

Memo: Comparison or target.

compared with

Pattern: N + に比べて

Memo: Direct comparison.

instead of / in return

Pattern: Vる / Nの + かわりに

Memo: Replacement or trade-off.

more and more / on the other hand

Pattern: Vる + 一方だ / 一方で

Memo: Meaning changes by use.

while / although one side is

Pattern: Nの / 普通形 + 反面

Memo: Shows opposite side.

even though

Pattern: 普通形 + くせに

Memo: Complaint or criticism tone.

for / considering

Pattern: 普通形 / Nの + わりに

Memo: Result differs from expectation.

4. Degree, Limits & Extent

These are key for “too much,” “as much as possible,” “at least,” and “to the point that...”

too much

Pattern: Vます / Adj stem + すぎる

Memo: Overdoing something.

to the extent that

Pattern: N / 普通形 + ほど

Memo: Shows degree.

about / to the extent

Pattern: N / 普通形 + くらい

Memo: Approximate level or emphasis.

not as... as

Pattern: Nほど + negative

Memo: Comparison with negation.

the more... the more

Pattern: Vば / Adjければ + Vるほど

Memo: Paired comparative pattern.

can’t stand / unbearably

Pattern: Vて / Adjくて + たまらない

Memo: Strong personal feeling.

can’t help but

Pattern: Vて / Adjくて + しょうがない

Memo: Emotion or urge is strong.

have no choice but to

Pattern: Vる + しかない

Memo: Only one option remains.

even

Pattern: N / て-form + さえ

Memo: Adds surprising minimum example.

if only

Pattern: N / Vます + さえすれば / ば

Memo: One minimal condition is enough.

5. Guess, Appearance & Hearsay

A major N3 area: making guesses, reporting hearsay, and talking about visible appearance.

looks like / seems

Pattern: Vます / Adj stem + そうだ

Memo: Visual impression.

I heard that

Pattern: 普通形 + そうだ

Memo: Hearsay, different from appearance そう.

seems / apparently / typical of

Pattern: N / 普通形 + らしい

Memo: Based on information or typical nature.

seems / like

Pattern: 普通形 / Nの + ようだ

Memo: Broad comparison or inference.

looks like / seems like

Pattern: 普通形 / N + みたいだ

Memo: Casual version of ようだ.

appropriate / typical

Pattern: N + らしい

Memo: Ex: 子どもらしい.

seems / -ish / prone to

Pattern: N / stem + っぽい

Memo: Casual and expressive.

there is a risk that

Pattern: 普通形 + 恐れがある

Memo: Formal warning style.

should / expected to

Pattern: 普通形 + はずだ

Memo: Logical expectation.

cannot possibly

Pattern: 普通形 + はずがない

Memo: Strong denial based on logic.

6. Intention, Advice & Trying

These patterns are common in daily Japanese for advice, attempts, intention, and decisions.

I think I will

Pattern: Volitional + と思う

Memo: Current intention.

intend to

Pattern: Vる / Vない + つもりだ

Memo: Firm plan or assumption.

decide to

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ことにする

Memo: Personal decision.

it has been decided that

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ことになる

Memo: Decision by circumstances/rules.

try doing

Pattern: Vて + みる

Memo: Trial action.

I’ll definitely do it / show you

Pattern: Vて + みせる

Memo: Strong determination.

make an effort to

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ようにする

Memo: Habitual effort.

be making a habit of

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ようにしている

Memo: Ongoing effort.

should / it would be good if

Pattern: Vば + いい

Memo: Advice or simple solution.

why don’t you

Pattern: Vたら + どう

Memo: Casual suggestion.

7. Conditionals & Hypotheticals

N3 expects comfort with nuanced if-patterns and result clauses.

when / whenever

Pattern: Clause + と

Memo: Natural or automatic result.

if / when

Pattern: Past casual + ら

Memo: Flexible and common.

if

Pattern: Conditional ば form

Memo: Logical or formal feeling.

if it is the case that

Pattern: N / 普通形 + なら

Memo: Based on topic/information.

if only

Pattern: minimal condition + ば

Memo: One thing is enough.

if only / I wish

Pattern: たら + のに

Memo: Regret or wish.

should have

Pattern: Vば + よかった

Memo: Past regret.

don’t have to

Pattern: Vなくてもいい

Memo: Not necessary.

even if

Pattern: Te-form + も

Memo: Concession.

8. Obligation, Prohibition & Rules

Very common for exams, school, work, and formal instructions.

must

Pattern: Vない → なければならない

Memo: Formal obligation.

must

Pattern: Vない → なくてはならない

Memo: Same meaning, different set phrase.

have to

Pattern: Vない + といけない

Memo: Common spoken form.

should

Pattern: Dictionary form + べきだ

Memo: Moral or strong advice.

should not

Pattern: Dictionary form + べきではない

Memo: Strong recommendation against.

should do

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ことだ

Memo: Advice or instruction.

must not

Pattern: Vては + いけない

Memo: Prohibition.

it’s not that... not

Pattern: Vない + ことはない

Memo: Weak positive or softening.

cannot avoid doing

Pattern: Vない → ないわけにはいかない

Memo: Social obligation.

9. Quoting, Reporting & Information

These forms help when repeating information, giving definitions, or explaining what someone said.

say / call

Pattern: Clause / N + と言う

Memo: Basic quoting.

called / that is called

Pattern: N + という + N

Memo: Naming or explaining.

I heard that

Pattern: Clause + とのことだ

Memo: Formal hearsay.

it is said / should

Pattern: Context-dependent

Memo: Check whether it is quote or advice.

it turns out / is decided

Pattern: Vる + ことになる

Memo: Formal result/decision.

decide to

Pattern: Vる + ことにする

Memo: Speaker makes the decision.

according to

Pattern: N + によると

Memo: Source of information.

according to

Pattern: N + によれば

Memo: Slightly formal style.

about / concerning

Pattern: N + について

Memo: Topic marker for content.

regarding

Pattern: N + に関して

Memo: More formal than について.

10. Extra Core N3 Forms

These are additional patterns that often appear in N3 study materials and practice sets.

come to be able to / come to do

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ようになる

Memo: Gradual change in ability or habit.

tell someone to

Pattern: Clause + ように言う

Memo: Indirect command/request.

ask someone to

Pattern: Clause + ように頼む

Memo: Indirect request.

hard to do

Pattern: Vます + にくい

Memo: Objective or emotional difficulty.

easy to do

Pattern: Vます + やすい

Memo: Natural opposite of にくい.

choose / make it

Pattern: N / Na + にする

Memo: Select a result.

become

Pattern: N / Na + になる

Memo: Change of state.

as is / left unchanged

Pattern: Vた / Nの + まま

Memo: State continues.

every time

Pattern: Vる / Nの + たびに

Memo: Repeated occasion.

without doing

Pattern: Vない stem + ずに

Memo: Formal-ish version of ないで.

try to / be about to

Pattern: Volitional + とする

Memo: Attempt or imminent action.

sometimes / have experienced

Pattern: Vた + ことがある

Memo: Experience or occasional action.

looks like

Pattern: Clause + ように見える

Memo: Visual impression.

in the same way as

Pattern: Vる / Nの + とおりに

Memo: According to example or instruction.

as / with / according to

Pattern: N / Vる + にしたがって

Memo: Change that develops along with something.

as / in proportion as

Pattern: Vる / N + につれて

Memo: One change follows another.

for / to

Pattern: N + にとって

Memo: From someone’s viewpoint.

as / in the role of

Pattern: N + として

Memo: Position, qualification, role.

that means / no wonder

Pattern: 普通形 + わけだ

Memo: Natural conclusion from information.

it does not mean that

Pattern: 普通形 + わけではない

Memo: Partial negation.