Companion Page

JLPT N3 Grammar
Example Sentences

This page gives short, clear example sentences for the N3 grammar points from the infographic. Each card shows what the grammar is used for, one easy sentence, and a short note so the meaning is easy to understand.

1. Time & Sequence

These examples show when something happens, when something changes, or what happens in order.

~うちに
do something before the situation changes

Pattern: Vる / Vない + うちに

I want to go to many countries while I am still young.

Use this when you should do something before a condition changes.

~間に
something happens during a period

Pattern: Vている / Nの + 間に

While my mother was cooking, I wiped the table.

Use 間に when another action happens during that time.

~間
a state continues during a period

Pattern: Vている / Nの + 間

During summer vacation, I worked part-time every day.

Use 間 when the state or action continues through the whole period.

~たところ
just did something

Pattern: Vた + ところ

I have just arrived at the station.

Use this for an action that happened just now.

~ているところ
in the middle of doing

Pattern: Vている + ところ

I am writing my report right now.

Use this when the action is happening at this moment.

~ところだった
was just about to do

Pattern: Vる + ところだった

I was just about to call you.

This often shows the timing was exact.

~ばかり
just finished doing

Pattern: Vた + ばかり

I just ate lunch, so I am full.

Use this for something done recently.

~たばかりに
just because of one thing, a bad result happened

Pattern: Vた + ばかりに

Just because I lied, my friend no longer trusts me.

Usually used for regret or an unfortunate result.

~てからでないと
not until after doing something first

Pattern: Vてからでないと

You cannot enter this restaurant unless you make a reservation first.

One action must happen first before the next is possible.

~最中に
right in the middle of

Pattern: Vている / Nの + 最中に

My phone rang in the middle of the meeting.

This strongly emphasizes the middle of an action or event.

~たとたん
the moment something happened

Pattern: Vた + とたん

The moment I left the house, it started to rain.

The second action happens immediately after the first.

2. Reason & Cause

These examples explain why something happened or what result came from a cause.

~ために
for the purpose of

Pattern: Vる / Nの + ために

I am studying Japanese in order to work in Japan.

Use this for clear purpose or goal.

~ため
because of

Pattern: Nの / 普通形 + ため

Because of heavy rain, the match was canceled.

This is a formal way to say the reason.

~おかげで
thanks to

Pattern: N / 普通形 + おかげで

Thanks to my teacher, I came to understand this grammar.

Usually used for a good result.

~せいで
because of, leading to a bad result

Pattern: N / 普通形 + せいで

Because the train was late, I was late for class.

Usually used when the result is negative.

~せいか
perhaps because

Pattern: 普通形 + せいか

Perhaps because I did not sleep much yesterday, I have a headache today.

Use this when the speaker is guessing the reason.

~あまり
because too much of something caused a result

Pattern: Nの / Vる + あまり

Because I was so nervous, I forgot my name.

The feeling or condition is so strong that it causes something.

~あまりに
too much / so much that

Pattern: あまりに + Adj / V

It is so hot that I do not want to go outside.

This strongly emphasizes degree.

~ことから
judging from the fact that

Pattern: 普通形 + ことから

From the fact that he works overtime every day, we can see that he is very busy.

Use this when drawing a conclusion from evidence.

~結果
as a result of

Pattern: Vた / Nの + 結果

As a result of talking it over carefully, we chose another plan.

This is a neutral and formal result expression.

~きっかけ
trigger / starting point

Pattern: Vる / Vた / Nがきっかけで

Being recommended by a friend was the trigger that made me start watching Japanese dramas.

Use this for the event that started a new action or change.

3. Contrast & Comparison

These examples compare two things or show an opposite side.

~ばかりでなく
not only A but also B

Pattern: N / 普通形 + ばかりでなく

This restaurant is not only cheap, but the food is also delicious.

A formal way to add another positive or important point.

~だけでなく
not only A but also B

Pattern: N / 普通形 + だけでなく

He can speak not only English but also Chinese.

A common and easy addition pattern.

~のみならず
not only A but also B

Pattern: N / 普通形 + のみならず

This movie is popular not only in Japan but also overseas.

This is more formal than だけでなく.

~に対して
in contrast to

Pattern: N + に対して

In contrast to my older brother, who is outgoing, my younger brother is very quiet.

Use this to compare two opposite sides.

~に比べて
compared with

Pattern: N + に比べて

Compared with last year, more people are traveling this year.

Use this when directly comparing one thing to another.

~かわりに
instead of

Pattern: Vる / Nの + かわりに

Today, instead of taking the bus, I will walk home.

One thing is chosen or done in place of another.

~一方で
on the other hand

Pattern: 普通形 + 一方で

This job is difficult, but on the other hand, it is very rewarding.

Use this to show another side of the same thing.

~反面
while / although there is another side

Pattern: Nの / 普通形 + 反面

While smartphones are convenient, many people depend on them too much.

Use this when one side has a different or opposite side too.

~くせに
even though, with criticism

Pattern: 普通形 + くせに

Even though you knew, you did not tell me.

This often sounds emotional or critical.

~わりに
for / considering

Pattern: 普通形 / Nの + わりに

This bag is durable for how cheap it is.

The result is different from what you might expect.

4. Degree, Limits & Extent

These show how much, how far, or to what extent something happens.

~すぎる
too much

Pattern: Vます / Adj stem + すぎる

This coffee is too bitter to drink.

Use this when something goes beyond a good limit.

~ほど
to the extent that

Pattern: 普通形 + ほど

I was so tired that I could not stand.

Shows strong degree.

~くらい / ~ぐらい
about / to the extent that

Pattern: N / 普通形 + くらい

Today, it is warm enough that I do not need a coat.

This can show degree or approximation.

~ほど~ない
not as much as

Pattern: Nほど + negative

This summer is not as hot as last summer.

Use this for negative comparisons.

~ば~ほど
the more A, the more B

Pattern: Vば + Vるほど

The more I study Japanese, the more interesting it becomes.

A change increases together with another change.

~てたまらない
cannot stand / unbearably

Pattern: Vて / Adjくて + たまらない

I want to see you so badly I can hardly stand it.

Very strong feeling, often emotional.

~てしょうがない
cannot help feeling

Pattern: Vて / Adjくて + しょうがない

I cannot help worrying about my exam results.

Use this for strong feelings you cannot control.

~しかない
have no choice but to

Pattern: Vる + しかない

There are no more last trains, so I have no choice but to go home by taxi.

There is only one possible option left.

~さえ
even

Pattern: N + さえ

I was so busy that I did not even have time to eat lunch.

Shows an extreme example.

~さえ~ば
if only

Pattern: N / V stem + さえ + ば

If only I had time, I would like to go watch that movie.

One condition is enough.

5. Guess, Appearance & Hearsay

These forms help you say what something looks like, seems like, or what you heard.

~そうだ
looks like / seems

Pattern: Vます / Adj stem + そうだ

This cake looks delicious.

Use this for what you see or feel from appearance.

~そうだ
I heard that

Pattern: 普通形 + そうだ

According to the weather forecast, I heard it will snow tomorrow.

This そうだ means hearsay, not appearance.

~らしい
apparently / it seems

Pattern: 普通形 + らしい

Apparently, Tanaka is getting married next month.

Use this based on information you heard or know.

~ようだ
it seems that

Pattern: 普通形 / Nの + ようだ

It is quiet outside. It seems that the rain has stopped.

This is a flexible inference pattern.

~みたいだ
seems like

Pattern: 普通形 / N + みたいだ

That person seems to be a teacher.

Casual version of ようだ.

Nらしい
typical of / appropriate for

Pattern: N + らしい

Today is a warm day typical of spring.

This means something has the quality that fits that thing.

~っぽい
seems like / -ish

Pattern: N / stem + っぽい

This shirt has a childish design.

Often casual and expressive.

~恐れがある
there is a risk that

Pattern: 普通形 + 恐れがある

At this rate, there is a risk that the train will be delayed.

This is formal and often used in announcements or reports.

~はずだ
should / expected to

Pattern: 普通形 + はずだ

Yamada should have arrived home by now.

Use this for a logical expectation.

~はずがない
cannot possibly

Pattern: 普通形 + はずがない

There is no way he would forget that promise.

Strong logical denial.

6. Intention, Advice & Trying

These forms help express plans, decisions, suggestions, and effort.

~ようと思う
I think I will

Pattern: Volitional + と思う

I am thinking of studying abroad in Japan next year.

This shows current intention or plan.

~つもりだ
intend to

Pattern: Vる / Vない + つもりだ

I intend to sleep early tonight.

A firm intention or plan.

~ことにする
decide to do

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ことにする

For my health, I decided to walk every day.

The speaker personally makes the decision.

~ことになる
it has been decided

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ことになる

It has been decided that I will work in Osaka from next month.

The decision is often made by circumstances or other people.

~てみる
try doing

Pattern: Vて + みる

This kanji is difficult, but I will try reading it myself.

Try something to see what happens.

~てみせる
I will definitely do it

Pattern: Vて + みせる

I will definitely pass the next exam.

Shows strong determination.

~ようにする
make an effort to

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ようにする

I try to eat vegetables every day.

Use this for a habit or effort.

~ようにしている
be making it a habit to

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ようにしている

I make it a habit not to look at my phone before sleeping.

This often describes a continued habit.

~ばいい
should / it would be good if

Pattern: Vば + いい

If you do not understand, you should ask the teacher.

Simple advice or suggestion.

~たらどう
why don’t you

Pattern: Vたら + どう

If you are tired, why don’t you rest a little?

Casual suggestion.

7. Conditionals & Hypotheticals

These are different ways to say “if” or “when,” each with a different nuance.

~と
when / whenever, natural result

Pattern: Clause + と

When you press this button, the door opens.

Use this for natural, automatic, or repeated results.

~たら
if / when

Pattern: Past casual + ら

If you have time, let’s go watch a movie together.

Very common and flexible conditional.

~ば
if

Pattern: Conditional ば form

If it is cheap, I want to buy that computer.

Often sounds logical or formal.

~なら
if that is the case

Pattern: N / 普通形 + なら

If you are going to Japan, you should go to Kyoto too.

Use this based on information already mentioned.

~さえ~ば
if only

Pattern: minimal condition + ば

If only I had money, I could buy that car.

One key condition is enough.

~たら~のに
if only / I wish

Pattern: たら + のに

If it were closer, I could go every day.

Often expresses regret or an unreal wish.

~ばよかった
should have done

Pattern: Vば + よかった

I should have left earlier.

Use this for past regret.

~なくてもいい
do not have to

Pattern: Vなくてもいい

Tomorrow is a holiday, so I do not have to wake up early.

Something is not necessary.

~ても
even if

Pattern: Te-form + も

Even if it rains, the match will take place.

Use this when the result does not change even under that condition.

8. Obligation, Prohibition & Rules

These grammar points are common in school rules, work rules, and giving advice.

~なければならない
must

Pattern: Vない → なければならない

I must submit this document by tomorrow.

Formal obligation.

~なくてはならない
must

Pattern: Vない → なくてはならない

Students must carry their student ID cards.

Same meaning as なければならない.

~ないといけない
have to

Pattern: Vない + といけない

I have to work overtime today.

Common in spoken Japanese.

~べきだ
should

Pattern: Dictionary form + べきだ

You should keep important promises.

Strong advice or moral judgment.

~べきではない
should not

Pattern: Dictionary form + べきではない

You should not speak badly of others.

Strong recommendation not to do something.

~ことだ
should do / should not do

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ことだ

If you want to pass the exam, you should review every day.

Often used for direct advice.

~てはいけない
must not

Pattern: Vては + いけない

You must not take pictures here.

Clear prohibition.

~ないことはない
it is not impossible / not that I do not

Pattern: Vない + ことはない

It is not that I would not watch that movie.

Soft, limited positive meaning.

~ないわけにはいかない
cannot avoid doing

Pattern: Vない → ないわけにはいかない

Because it is an important meeting, I cannot avoid attending.

Used when social duty or circumstances force you to do it.

9. Reporting & Information

These help you quote, report, explain names, and introduce sources of information.

~と言う
to say

Pattern: Clause + と言う

The teacher said, “There will be a quiz tomorrow.”

Basic quotation pattern.

~という
called / named

Pattern: N + という + N

I read a novel called “Norwegian Wood.”

Use this to name or explain something.

~とのことだ
I heard that / it is said that

Pattern: Clause + とのことだ

I heard that Tanaka is absent today.

A formal hearsay expression.

~によると
according to

Pattern: N + によると

According to the news, it seems a typhoon will come next week.

Shows the source of information.

~によれば
according to

Pattern: N + によれば

According to the weather forecast, it seems tomorrow will be sunny.

Similar to によると, slightly formal.

~について
about / concerning

Pattern: N + について

I talked with my teacher about my plans after graduation.

A common way to introduce a topic.

~に関して
regarding

Pattern: N + に関して

Regarding this matter, I will send an email later.

More formal than について.

10. Extra Core Forms

These are also important for N3 because they appear often in reading, conversation, and tests.

~ようになる
come to be able to / come to do

Pattern: Vる / Vない + ようになる

By practicing every day, I became able to swim fast.

Shows a change in ability or habit.

~ように言う
tell someone to do

Pattern: Clause + ように言う

The teacher told the students to be quiet.

Indirect instruction.

~ように頼む
ask someone to do

Pattern: Clause + ように頼む

I asked my mother to buy some milk.

Indirect request.

~にくい
hard to do

Pattern: Vます + にくい

This pen is hard to write with.

The action is difficult to do.

~やすい
easy to do

Pattern: Vます + やすい

This dictionary is easy to use.

The action is easy to do.

~にする
choose / make it

Pattern: N / Na + にする

I will choose orange juice for my drink.

Use this when making a choice.

~になる
become

Pattern: N / Na + になる

My younger sister will become a high school student next year.

Shows change of state.

~たまま
leave as it is

Pattern: Vた / Nの + まま

I fell asleep with the light left on.

A state continues without change.

~たびに
every time

Pattern: Vる / Nの + たびに

Every time I see this photo, I remember the trip.

Repeated occasions.

~ずに
without doing

Pattern: Vない stem + ずに

I went to school without eating breakfast.

Formal-ish version of ないで.

~ようとする
try to / be about to

Pattern: Volitional + とする

Just as I was about to go out, my friend called me.

Often used for an action just about to happen.

~ことがある
have the experience of / sometimes

Pattern: Vた + ことがある

I have been to Hokkaido before.

This sentence shows past experience.

~ように見える
looks like

Pattern: Clause + ように見える

He looks a little tired.

Based on visual impression.

~とおりに
in the same way as

Pattern: Vる / Nの + とおりに

Please press this button as shown in the manual.

Do something according to an example or instruction.

~にしたがって
as / in accordance with

Pattern: N / Vる + にしたがって

As time passed, my nervousness gradually disappeared.

One change happens along with another.

~につれて
as / together with change

Pattern: Vる / N + につれて

As I get older, I have come to feel that health is important.

A change grows together with another change.

~にとって
for / to, from someone’s viewpoint

Pattern: N + にとって

This experience is very important to me.

Shows perspective or viewpoint.

~として
as / in the role of

Pattern: N + として

I live in Japan as an international student.

Shows role, qualification, or position.

~わけだ
that means / no wonder

Pattern: 普通形 + わけだ

He practices every day, so that is why he is good.

Natural conclusion from known facts.

~わけではない
it does not mean that

Pattern: 普通形 + わけではない

It is not that I dislike sweets, but I do not eat them much.

Partial negation. It softens the statement.